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Editorial archive;
Ensuring an accurate result in an analytical instrumentation system - PART 2: CALIBRATING THE ANALYZER 30/09/2010 In many analytical instrumentation systems, the analyzer does not provide an absolute measurement. Rather, it provides a relative response based on settings established during calibration, which is a critical process subject to significant error. Full Story...
Swagelok fills top spot at Isle of Man facility 17/08/2009 Swagelok Company has appointed David Hester as general manager for Swagelok Ltd, its operation of the Isle of Man. Hester is responsible for daily operations and improvement of the facility. Full Story...
Swagelok expands temperature measurement device offerings 28/07/2009 Swagelok has announced the addition of bimetal thermometers and thermowells for general industry to its product offering. The products expand Swagelok’s existing line of temperature measurement devices, which includes thermometers and thermowells for sanitary applications. Full Story...
Principles of flow calculations 07/04/2009 Understanding basic principles of flow calculations lets personnel estimate flow quickly and determine valve size. John Baxter, market manager and Ulrich Koch, senior engineer at Swagelok Company explain. Full Story...
Effects of Specific Gravity 11/02/2009 The flow equations include the variables liquid specific gravity (Gf) and gas specific gravity (Gg), which are the density of the fluid compared to the density of water (for liquids) or air (for gases). Full Story...
Effects of Temperature 11/02/2009 Temperature usually is ignored in liquid flow calculations because its effect is too small. Temperature has a greater effect on gas flow calculations, because gas volume expands with higher temperature and contracts with lower temperature. But similar to specific gravity, temperature affects flow by only a square-root factor. For systems that operate between –40°F (–40°C) and +212°F (+100°C), the correction factor is only +12 to –11 percent. Full Story...
Low and High Pressure Drop Gas Flow 11/02/2009 The basic orifice meter illustrates the difference between high- and low-pressure drop flow conditions. Full Story...
Liquid Flow 10/02/2009 Because liquids are incompressible fluids, their flow rate depends only on the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures (Δp, pressure drop). The flow is the same whether the system pressure is low or high, so long as the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures is the same. (Equation 1 shows the relationship.) Full Story...
Gas Flow 10/02/2009 Gas flow calculations are slightly more complex because gases are compressible fluids whose density changes with pressure. In addition, there are two conditions that must be considered—low-pressure drop flow and high-pressure drop flow. Full Story...
Doing more than flow 30/11/2008 To compensate for fluctuations in pressure, temperature, viscosity, and density, flowmeters are taking extra sensors on board. Full Story...
How to Choose a Ball Valve to Curb Fugitive Emissions 21/10/2008 More and more attention worldwide is being focused on fugitive emissions, which are equipment leaks, as opposed to point-source emissions from reactor vents or boiler exhaust stacks. The European Union’s Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau (IPPC) issued a comprehensive directive to curtail fugitive emissions. Full Story...
Analytical instruments for the process industries 31/03/2008 When there is a need to monitor a process variable that extends beyond pressure, flow, temperature, and level, some type of process analyser is involved. There are four categories of analytical instrumentation Full Story...
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